![]() These include the Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI), the Autism Diagnostic Observation Scales (ADOS), the Child Autism Spectrum Test (CAST), the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), and the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS). Additional changes to the criteria for autism were made in DSM-IV (1994), DSM-IVR (2000), and DSM-V (2013).Ĭurrently, several diagnostic assessment tools are based on the criteria established by the American Psychiatric Association. Seven years after that, autism was more clearly defined in the revised edition (DSM-IIIR, 1987). It was not until 12 years later that “infantile autism” had its own category (DSM-III, 1980). In their first mention of autism, the American Psychiatric Association described children who exhibited “autistic, atypical and withdrawn behavior,” but this was part of the diagnostic criteria for childhood schizophrenia ( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, DSM-II, 1968). Unfortunately, most investigations have included children on the entire autism spectrum rather than those clinically assessed as having classical autism or Kanner syndrome. Rimland published a revised version which appeared in later editions of his book and is still distributed and scored free of charge by the Autism Research Institute. The first version, titled the Diagnostic Checklist for Behavior-Disturbed Children, appeared in his 1964 seminal book Infantile Autism: The Syndrome and Its Implications for a Neural Theory of Behavior. ![]() Bernard Rimland developed a checklist for professionals and parents that was designed specifically to diagnose Kanner’s syndrome or classical autism.
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